What is the name of the phenomenon where people change their behavior because they know they are being observed?

• A. Hawthorne Effect
• B. The Phoenix Project philosophy
• C. Sashimi Model
• D. Ford assembly line

Answer: (A)

When people know they are being watched, they tend to change how they behave—often working harder or sticking more closely to expected norms. This is the Hawthorne Effect. It came from studies at the Hawthorne Works, where productivity rose simply because workers knew they were under observation, not just because of any actual changes in conditions. The key idea is that measuring something can alter the very thing you’re trying to measure, which is important for interpreting study results. The other options point to unrelated ideas—different concepts or contexts—so they don’t explain why behavior shifts due to observation.