Which term describes a scenario in which a quantum computer can perform computations beyond the capabilities of any classical computer on a broad set of tasks?

• A. Random circuit sampling
• B. Quantum supremacy
• C. Post quantum cryptography
• D. Sycamore

Answer: (B)

Quantum supremacy means a quantum computer can perform a broad class of tasks that are practically infeasible for any classical computer, showing a clear computational advantage across a range of problems. This captures the idea of outperforming classical machines on more than just a single calculation. Random circuit sampling is a specific type of task used in demonstrations to illustrate this advantage, but it’s the method, not the general notion itself. Post-quantum cryptography is about creating cryptographic methods that stand up to quantum attacks, not about demonstrating computational speedups. Sycamore is the name of Google's quantum processor used in such experiments, not the concept.